Strategic Dependency Model and Strategic Rationale Modeling Assignment

Strategic Dependency Model and Strategic Rationale Modeling - Assignment Example The train driver opens the train door of the train only when the speed of the train is equal to zero. Platform signage, queue lane and gates have been designed to ensure that passengers disembark and embark the train within the given time limit. The system has to be efficiently designed so that all the movements take place in the prescribed time limit so that the train does not get delayed. The performance of the of the system can be measure by the timely performance of these actions : The system should be effectively networked so that an effective management can also be done at the station so that passengers are well aware of the arrival of the train and they manage themselves in front of their platform signage in the queue lanes. The point to be noted about the performance reliability is that when referring to system here refers to a centralized system. This system would help to send a message to the arrival station about the arrival of the station 5 minutes prior to its arrival, So that passengers gather themselves according to their platform signage in the queue lanes in front of the gates. The train driver opens the door when he records the speed of the train to be zero. ... So that all the passengers disembark and embark the train. Type Performance Measurable fit criterion The train driver opens the train door of the train only when the speed of the train is equal to zero. Platform signage, queue lane and gates have been designed to ensure that passengers disembark and embark the train within the given time limit. The system has to be efficiently designed so that all the movements take place in the prescribed time limit so that the train does not get delayed. The performance of the of the system can be measure by the timely performance of these actions : The system should ensure that an appropriate announcement is made 5 minutes prior from train making it to station so that passengers planning to disembark the train can gather near the train gates. The train door should open when train reaches the station and its speed becomes equal to zero. The system should be effectively networked so that an effective management can also be done at the station so that passengers are well aware of the arrival of the train and they manage themselves in front of their platform signage in the queue lanes. The point to be noted about the performance reliability is that when referring to system here refers to a centralized system. This system would help to send a message to the arrival station about the arrival of the station 5 minutes prior to its arrival, So that passengers gather themselves according to their platform signage in the queue lanes in front of the gates. The train driver opens the door when he records the speed of the train to be zero. This all is done to enhance the performance of the system to be designed so that all the movements including the disembarking and embarking the train takes place in 2

How Is Animal Abuse Linked to Human Abuse Essay Example for Free

How Is Animal Abuse Linked to Human Abuse Essay How is animal abuse linked to human abuse? What is animal abuse? Abuse is define to be a misuse or mistreatment and attempt to harm another person or thing. Several studies have shown that animal abuse and neglect may indicate that others in the home maybe at risk of abuse and neglect, also. Abuse has become a common place across the nation and taking on many different forms of abuse. It is believed that animals as well as humans have every right to a good life just as those who physically, psychologically, and sexually perform such act against them. Physical abuse is known as to involving contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm. It is said, â€Å"Physical abuse is when a person hits, slam, pulls hair, harms by use of weaponry, murder, bites, or burns. Whereas physical neglect is failure or delay to provide healthcare, abandonment an expulsion. Neglect is also includes leaving a child under inadequate supervision, nutrition, hygiene and clothing as well as in regards to safety and welfare†(Jilani. Difference between Abuse and Neglect. May 6, 2010) Animal and human abuse fall hand in hand when coming to such situations. There are countless abuse cases of animals being cared for with cruelty and has related in every situation involving a human. Both relate very similarly when being faced with such harmful and abusive environment. The pain, suffering and death upon an animal being physically abused can compare to a human being physically abused by their spouse or one who is the abuser. The list can go on different ways an individual will perform acts of abuse toward the subjects. Thesis statement: In today’s society, cruelty towards animals is a growing epidemic because people do not have the value this worth of animal life. These acts of have placed many innocent lives into danger and until this day it still occurs. Studies have shown that â€Å"In 88 percent of 53 families where various forms of child abuse had taken place, animal abuse had also occurred. In two thirds of these families the animal abuser was the father figure; in one third it was a child. The researchers suggested that, in s uch cases, pet abuse by children was often a manifestation of children was often a manifestation of children’s response to their own victimization; a replication of the dynamics of their own abuse  on powerless pet figures. Of 233 British families with a history of animals neglect. In one study of battered women, 57 percent of those with pets said their partners had harmed or killed the animals. One in four said that she stayed with the batterer because she feared leaving the pet behind† (Pet-Abuse.com, 2001) These are the relationships of animals and humans when in dealing in such physical within a household or just an abuser who has no heart to give proper care for one of the two. This article also states of families who are being abused by other members within the family hood would tend to do the same well aware of his or her actions and is careless of their actions. Here is where an individual’s rights will come into play to protect themselves from being harmed in every way such. An animal should be given every equal right to live a good life and be given the nurture and care that is needed. There are lists of abuses an animal or human may face on a daily basis but another abuse that is popular in dealing with abuse cases is being psychologically abused. Psychological abuse is defined as emotional or mental abuse. These two characters of abuse basically are being abused imperceptibly when dealing with the mind. This is known to be more harmful only due to it affecting how a person may think and feel about themselves. An animal abuse in a psychological form may be similar. The abuser will teach the animal of thinking in ways that may cause the innocent animal to feel harmed and afraid. In this type of environment an animal or human might believe what the abuser is saying and continue to follow with the mentality of feeling frightful that if they disobey they will be abused. It states that â€Å"the abuser projects their word, attitude or actions onto an unsuspecting victim usually because they themselves have not dealt with childhood wounds that are now causing them to h arm others† (BOGDANOS, 2013). There is huge relationship of animal being abused linked to a human that is sin the same position. They will be verbally being hit with harsh words that will hurt how they will react to such abusive actions psychologically. As we understand that being psychologically abused may not cause physical damage but it may cause those being abused pain and scarring. The National Coalition against Domestic Violence stated â€Å"Psychological abuse is the systematic perpetration of malicious and explicit nonphysical health of the  victim and victim’s loved ones, controlling the victim’s freedom, and effectively acting to destabilize or isolate the victim. Psychological abuse frequently occurs prior to or concurrently with physical or sexually abuse. While psychological abuse increases the trauma of physical and sexual abuse, a number of studies have demonstrated that psychological abuse independently causes long-term damage to its victims, mental health† (VIOLENCE,2005-2011). This can lead into an unhealthy relationship if the abusiveness continues and may result into physical violence. It can result in depression, problems with self-esteem, poor sleep, alcohol or drug use, and becoming suicidal, among other things. People who are being abused may feel absolutely trapped in a relationship that they cannot escape, and begin to feel that they somehow deserve the abuse. Being abused with your emotions and mind may cause a thing or person to believe even more the self –esteem drops, you lose confidence and you find it hard to get back on the right track of mind. A few example of psychological abuse as stated in a site are â€Å"emotional abuse includes non-physical behaviors such as threats, insults, constant monitoring or â€Å"checking in†, excessive texting, humiliation, intimidation, isolation or stalking† (loveisrespect.org, 2007-2013). It is when someone’s insult and disrespect you verbally. It causes a person pain mentally and emotionally. Effects that may occur in facing psychological abuse are well known to those who are the abuser and to every other individually who is willing lend a helping in saving a life. There may be a list of ways to heal and solve the iss ue of being abused but it is up to the individually that will not let anyone nor their words or actions falter you from living life. Last but not least another link of abuse between animals and humans is sexual abuse. The American Psychological Association defines sexual abuse as â€Å"sexual abuse is unwanted sexual activity, with perpetrators using force, making threats or taking advantage of victims not able to give consent. Most victims and perpetrators know each other. Immediate reactions to sexual abuse include shock, fear or disbelief. Long-term symptoms include anxiety, fear or post-traumatic stress disorder. While efforts to treat sex offenders remain unpromising, psychological interventions for survivors, especially group therapy that appears effective† (ASSOCISTION, 2013). This information has shared quite a link between animals and humans when dealing with sexual  abuse. The relationship of being sexually abused is similar. For instance, the abuser will force themselves unto an animal or human and perform unwanted acts sexually that is not pleasing and very harmful to this innocent life. There are many other relationships as of humans performing sexual activity upon animals, which are against the law and should not even be thought upon in the first place. Others may be of another human against another human. They may show sexual abusive actions that may cause fear to the victim and forcefully perform such actions. These are some ways that are mostly known of how animals or humans may be sexually abused. Some could be of two individuals who practically know each other well, but one may feel in need of sexual activity and will forcefully do so while the victim is refusing. Here is another infamous way that we most often hear when it comes down it sexu al abuse. Sexual abuse has been around for many of years. As for animals, there are several of reasons why humans sexually abuse animals. They use animals as to experiments, in pornography, as sexual partner to gain satisfaction of their wants of pleasures and needs. For these reasons it has become as to force an animal, physical violence involves the use of animals for degradation and sexual exploitation of the battered partner. According to Lenore Walker (1979), bestiality may be a part of further tormenting and humiliating the victim. In Walker’s (1984) interviews with battered women, bestiality was mentioned as one of the â€Å"unusual sex acts† desired by their partners, it was found that this experience occurred with 41% of the battering partners and 5% of the non-battering partners. Child sexual abusers may also sexually abuse animals to enhance, expand or extend the abuse of the genuinely powerless and unsuspecting victim (Adam, 1994). Some case studies of sexual abuse of children include reports of forcing children to interact sexually with animals (Ascione, 1993). A child’s sexual abuse of an animal may be a warning sign that the child is a victim or witness of physical, sexual or emotional abuse† (SHEET). In conclusion, we have come to an understanding of all the different types if animal and within this research. As we know that the rate of abused animals and humans has risen dramatically over the past years. There has not  been much of a change from a day basis. Physical abuse as we all knows that it is the most well-known form of abuse that is being faced and is the traumatic one deal with. In other cases, Psychological abuse is another serious form of abuse although it is not as harmful as being physically abused. As to being sexually abused is another form which adds on to the list of abuses. These few forms have not only harmed innocent lives but have caused so much hurt and taken time away to heal. Animals and humans may be saved if dealt and prevented in the early stages of abuse. Others times it might be too late which may cost one to lose their life over carelessness and being mistreated or misused. Today’s society continue to strive in searching for ways to save lives of those being abused and to educate those in whom are abusers of what wrong doings they have become. Being that animals are not humans but their relationship is similar to each other and how they are treated. This is why I believe that animals and humans should be treated equally along with the rights against abusers in order to save their innocent lives from falling into hands of the abusers. References ASSOCIATION, A.P. (2013). SEXUAL ABUSE. Retrieved from AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION: http://www.apa.org/topics/sexual-abuse/ BOGDANOS, M. (2013, 05 31). SIGNS OF EMOTIONAL ABUSE. Retrieved from PSCH CENTRAL: http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2013/02/20/signs-of-emotional-abuse/ Loveisrespect.org. (2007-2013). Emotional and verbal abuse. Retrived feom loveisrespect.org: http://www.loveisrespect.org/is-this-abuse/types-of-abuse/what-is-emotional-verbal-abuse Pet-Abuse.com. (2001). Pet-Abuse.com. Retrieved from Pet-Abuse.com: http://www.pet- abuse.com/pages/abused_connection/whole_pictures.php SHEET, A. S. (n.d). ANIMAL SEXUAL ABUSE FACTS SHEET. Retrived from ANIMAL SEXUAL ABUSE FACTS SHEET: http://www.vactf.org/pdfs/bestiality-factsheet.pdf VIOLENCE, N.C. (2005-2011). PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE. Retrieved from NATIONAL COALITION AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: http://www.ncadv.org/files/Psychological Abuse.pdf

The Factors Affecting Recruitment

The Factors Affecting Recruitment Selecting the right person for the right job is the very important for every organization. Nowadays this has become more critical in IT firms as there is very high demand for IT professionals in the industry, hence the turnover is very high. HR management principles include the following aspects Staff management is putting the workforce in a place like recruitment. It is developing that workforce so that staff can meet the changing demands of patient care by role redesign and personal development. It is assuring staff of job satisfaction. Human resources management (HRM) is the logical and strategic focus to managing the most valuable assets of an organization the people working there who individually and collectively contributing to the achievement of business objectives. The terms human resource management and human resources (HR) have largely supplanted the term personnel management as a description of the processes involved in the management of people in organizations. Simply put, human resources management means the employment of people, the development of their capabilities, using the maintenance and compensation of their services in line with the work and the requirement of the organization. HRM strategy A human resources management strategy refers to the media about how to apply the specific functions of human resource management. The function of a human resources organization may have policies for recruitment and selection, disciplinary procedures, policies, reward / recognition, a human resource plan, or policy learning and development, yet all these functional areas of resource management humans must be aligned and correlated to correspond with the overall business strategy. A strategy for human resources management is therefore a general plan on the implementation of specific areas of human resource management functions. Human resource management involves three processes. They are: Organizational planning Planning process is involving identifying an organizations short term and long term objectives, formulating and monitoring specific strategies to achieve their goals Staff acquisition The process of staff acquisition is getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project. Team development Team development can be defined as the process of building skills individually and group for project performance. Human Resource practices Workplace safe, healthy and happy Creating a safe work environment, healthy and happy will ensure that your employees feel comfortable and stay with your organization for a very long time. Capturing their pulse through staff surveys. Open book management style Exchange of information on contracts, sales, new customers, management objectives, company policies, etc. employee personal data ensures that employees are as enthusiastic about the company and the management. Through this process of open book, which can gradually create a culture of participative management and ignite the creative efforts of its workforce.. This is making people an interested party to strategic decisions, allowing them to align their business objectives. Be as open as possible. It helps in building confidence and motivates employees. Employee self-service portal, Manager Online, etc. are the tools currently available to management practice of this style. Performance bonds linked to pay the premiums, or have any type of variable compensation plan can be an incentive and disappointment, on the basis of how to manage and communicate. Bono must be designed so that people understand that there is no payment unless the company hits a certain level of profitability. Additional criteria could be the team success and individual performance. Never pay with bonus without measuring performance, unless a legal obligation. 360-Degree Performance Management Feedback System this system, which seeks the views of older people (including the boss), peers and subordinates, has been increasingly adopted as the best of all available methods to collect performance information. Gone are the days of hard work to impress one person, now the opinions of all matter, especially if you are in a leadership role (at any level). Each person on the team is responsible for giving relevant feedback, positive and constructive. Such systems also help in identifying leaders for higher level positions in the organization. Senior managers can use this information for their own development. Develop a system of evaluation that clearly links the performance of individual with business goals and priorities. Each employee must have clearly defined information relationships. Self-rating as part of the assessment process enables employees. The assessment is more righteous if it relies on records of regular counseling and accomplishments of employees, monitoring throughout the year. For a more objective, besides the immediate supervisor, all employees must be evaluated by the next higher level (often called a guard). Cross functional feedback, if obtained by the immediate superior of another manager (for whom the work of this employee is also important), will add to the fairness of the system. A relative ranking of all subordinates reporting to the same manager is another tool for assessing equity. The standardization of the evaluation is another dimension of improvement of fairness. Knowledge Exchange Adopt a systematic approach to ensure that knowledge management supports strategy. Knowledge of the store in databases to provide greater access to information published by the company or employees at the gates of knowledge of the company. When an employee returns after attending the competencies or skills development program, sharing essential knowledge with others may be required. Innovative ideas (implemented in the workplace) are good for publication in these knowledge sharing platforms. However, what to store and how to maintain a knowledge base requires deep thinking to avoid disorder. The performers landmark Create profiles of top performers and make these visible through the intranet, bulletin boards, etc. It will encourage others to put on their best, creating a competitive landscape inside the company. If a systems approach is the high performance flat can surely prevent disgruntlements. Open discussions and feedback mechanism Ideas rule the world. Large organizations recognize, promote and implement the great ideas. Employees are the greatest source of ideas. The only thing that can stop great ideas flooding your organization is the lack of an appropriate mechanism to capture ideas. Open discussions of the house, staff management meets, suggestion boxes and ideas capture tools such as critical incident diaries are the building blocks that can help administrators identify and develop talent. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ceremonies reward just recognize talent does not work; you must combine it with ceremonies where recognition is broadcast. As for the dollar check is often less important than listening to the applause of his colleagues in a public forum. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees with the Unexpected Delight The last but not least way to delight your employees from time to time with unexpected things that may come as a reward, a gift certificate or well done. Reward not only the best performers, but also some others who are in need of motivation to showcase its potential. Recruitment procedures Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and selects them to apply for jobs in the organization. Careful Recruitment process of an employee is very important. If we select unsuitable employee then it will give problem to our organization. Badly selected employees do not usually stay long with the organization. Sometime they leave themselves from the organization or else we have to discharge them from the organization. So a good recruitment procedure will influence the successful candidate in his future attitude to the firm. Factors Affecting Recruitment The recruitment function of the organizations is affected by internal and external forces. The internal forces or factors are the factors that can be controlled by the organization. And the external factors are those factors which cannot be controlled by the organization. Factors affecting Recruitment: Working conditions, salary and benefit packages offered by the organization The employment conditions in the community where the organization is located. Cultural, economic and legal factors Rate of growth of the organization. The effects of past recruiting efforts which show the organizations ability to locate and retain the good performing people. The future expansion and production programs. The size of the organization. Internal Factors Affecting Recruitment The internal factors which affecting recruitment and can be controlled by the organization. Recruitment policy Human resource planning Size of the firm Cost Growth and expansion External Factors Affecting Recruitment The external factors that are affecting recruitment are the forces which cannot be controlled by the organization. Supply and demand Labour market Image / goodwill Political-social- legal environment Unemployment rate Competitors Selection Procedure The term selection denotes a choice of one or many from amongst the candidates. It is very importance of making the right selection of staffThe main purpose of a screening procedure is to establish whether the applicant has the qualifications for a particular job, and then choose which candidate who is more likely to do well in that occupation.The advertisement for recruitment should be such that it can attract maximum applications from a number of suitable candidates. The entire selection process starts with a initial screening interview and ends with a final employment choice. Steps in selection procedure: response of applications or groundwork monitoring Application bank that gives a detail about the applicants background A well mannered interview to explore the applicants history life The physical examination Psychological testing that gives an aim gaze at a candidates suitability for that job A reference check Final Selection approved by the manager Communication of the decision to the candidate. Selection Criteria Selection criteria describe the qualifications, knowledge, and capabilities and undergo that a person requires in order making a job successfully. They are divided into: necessary criteria Desirable criteria. Selection criteria are used to help select the most capable, effective, suited, experienced, qualified, person for the job. Applicants must demonstrate and prove the ways in which they will be of value for the job and the organization. Examples of selection criteria ability to maintain confidentiality ability to work as part of a team ability to work independently ability to work under pressure attention to detail flexible and adaptable approach to work initiative keyboard skills knowledge of University organization, policy and procedures organizational/planning skills problem-solving ability sensitivity supervisory skills verbal communication/interpersonal skills Written communication skills.

Simple Harmonic Motion Essay -- essays research papers

OBJECT:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The objective of this lab is to obtain the spring constant by using the simple harmonic motion of the spring-mass system. Once the spring constant is obtained it is to be compared to the spring constant obtained by Hooke’s Law. PROCEDURE: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using a meter stick measure the distance from the attached point of the spring to the end of the spring, at this time there is to be no mass on the spring. Once this measurement is obtained the elongations can be calculated by subtracting the new measurements from this first measurement. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Add a weight to the spring and record the distance. The new distance is to be subtracted from the first distance. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using the same weight pull the mass down an additional 20cm. Once the spring is elongated it is to be let go. When the spring is released from it’s elongated position the stopwatch is started. Once the spring has returned to it’s original starting position 25 times the timer is to be stopped and the time is recorded. Once two times are taken for every weight increment they are to be averaged together. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steps 2 and 3 are to be repeated eight times using a new weight each time. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When all eight trials are done the spring is to be weighed and recorded. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS Mass used in each trial, in kilograms: - 50 g / 1000 g = 0.05 kg Elongation...

Fuzzy Topsis Method

Fuzzy TOPSIS method This is an approach based on the TOPSIS technique (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and the fuzzy set theory. The TOPSIS method is based on the concept that the optimum option has the least distance from the positive ideal solution. It is a linear weighting technique, which was first proposed, in its crisp version by Chen and Hwang(1992), with reference to Hwang and Yoon(1981).Since then, this method has been widely adopted to solve MCDM problems in many different fields. Because decision information is uncertain instead of certain in most environments, further extension for group decision making problems under fuzzy environment was published by Cheng(2000),known as Fuzzy TOPSIS. The selection of the third-party provider is a typical MCDM problem. In this method firstly we screen out providers that have not minimal qualifications by the selection criteria.Then closeness coefficient of contractors to each proposal will be computed by Fuzzy TOPSIS method and finally these coefficients as successful indicators for each provider will be fed in to a linear programming to select most profitable projects and providers with respect to the constraints. The stages are described blow: Stage1: Eliminate contractors that haven't minimal qualifications. For the purpose of analysis, selection criteria need to be rationally selected at first. There are a lot of researches with respect to the decision criteria for evaluating the supplier.Such as the study of Dickson(1966), Ellram (1990),Weber et al. (1991), ,Grupe (1997), and Akomode et al. (1998). According to an empirical survey, the top four selection criteria are responsiveness to service requirements, quality of management, track record of ethical importance, and ability to provide value-added services. The less important selection criteria are listed in a descending order as below: low cost, specific channel expertise, knowledge of market, personal relationship with key c ontacts, willingness to assume risk, investment in state-of- art technologies, size of firm, and national market coverage.Keeping the outcomes of the supplier selection literature review as a guideline, we derived the relevant factors to evaluate in the provider selection process based on the outsourcing view. However selection of criteria is totally industry specific and based on each case and the criteria are changed and replaced. Then opinions of decision makers on criteria were aggregated and weights of all criteria have been calculated by organizing the expert meeting. Meanwhile, the outcomes of the supplier selection literature review should be kept as a guideline.Stage2: Computing closeness coefficient (CC) for each project by fuzzy TOPSIS method So after we have obtained the important evaluation criteria and the qualified provider candidates to form the MCDM problem,the ranking of the shortlisted vendor providers will be done using the fuzzy TOPSIS approach. First,choose the appropriate linguistic variables for the importance weight of the criteria ,asses the importance of each contractor in each project with respect to each criterion by DM, using linguistic variables.Convert these evaluation into triangular fuzzy numbers with fuzzy weight for each criterion. Fuzzy weight wj of criterion C j are obtained with regard to DM’s opinions. Then the importance of the criteria and the rating of alternatives with respect to each criterion and the aggregated rating Xij under criteria C j can be calculated as: Wj=1K[Wj1+Wj2+†¦+Wjk] xij=1K[xij1+xij2+†¦+xijk] Wjk is the importance weight of the kth decision maker. xijk is the rating of the kth decision maker. Construct the normalized fuzzy decision matrix.If we describe the linguistic variables by triangular fuzzy numbers, xij=(aij,bij,cij) and wij=(wj1,wj2,wj3)then we can get the fuzzy decision matrix denoted by R, and R= R=[rij]m? n. rij=(aijcj,bijcj,cijcj) rij=(aj-aij,aj-bij,aj-cij) Next, the we ighted normalized fuzzy decision matrix is constructed by : V=[vij]m? n, i=1,2,†¦,m j=1,2,†¦,n Where vij=rij(. )wj After all of these analysis and calculation ,a positive-ideal solution (PIS, A+) and a fuzzy negative-ideal solution (NIS,A-) as the criterion are chosen.The best alternative solution should be the closest to the Positive Ideal Solution (PIS) and the farthest from the Negative Ideal Solution (NIS). A+=(v1*,v2*,†¦,vn*) A-=(v1-,v2-,†¦,vn-) vj*=1,1,1 vj-=0,0,0 Calculate the total distance of each components from the fuzzy positive ideal and negative ideal: ? If A and B are two fuzzy numbers as follows, distance between these fuzzy numbers is calculated by equation below: A=(a1,b1,c1) B=(a2,b2,c2) Equation : DA,B=13[a2-a12+b2-b12+c2-c12]Given the above description on how to calculate the distance between fuzzy numbers, the distance of components from positive and negative ideas can be derived respectively as: di*=j=1nd(vij,vj*), i=1,2,†¦,m di-=j=1nd (vij,vj-), i=1,2,†¦,m In the end,the relative closeness coefficient (CC)of each contractor-project in each criterion can be calculated as: CCi=di*di-+di+, i=1,2,†¦,m Stage3: Selecting the best projects and related contractors Select the best projects and related contractors by ranking options based on the descending cci.An alternative with index cci approaching 1 indicates that the alternative is close to the fuzzy positive ideal reference point and far from the fuzzy negative ideal reference point. A large value of closeness index indicates a good performance of the alternative. A case study: The proposed methodology for supplier selection problem, composed of TOPSIS method, consists of three Steps: (1) Identify the criteria to be used in the model; (2) weigh the criteria by using expert views; (3) evaluation of alternatives with TOPSIS and determination of the final rank.The case is that of a major company operating in the dairy products field. In the first phase, the pr oject team operated mainly through roundtable discussions on developing their main selection criteria. After identity the criteria attributed under consideration, five alternatives suppliers are written in the list. There are several criteria need to be considered, and each vendor’s information under each criteria are collected, calculating each vendor’s overall rating weight, shown in Table 2. (Mohammad Saeed Zaeri,2010) Finally, the closeness coefficient was calculated to rank alternatives.The results obtained are shown in Table 4: (Mohammad Saeed Zaeri,2010) The order of rating among those vendors is Supplier3;gt; Supplier 4;gt; Supplier 1;gt; Supplier2;gt;Supplier5, the best vendor would be Supplier3. To conclude, the TOPSIS method had several advantages. First, TOPSIS makes it possible to appraise the distances of each candidate from the positive and negative ideal solutions. Second, it allows the straight linguistic definition of weights and ratings under each cr iterion, without the need of cumbersome pairwise comparisons and the risk of inconsistencies.It evaluates the projects and each provider more precisely by expert decision makers in each stage of the whole process. Moreover, the method is very easy to understand and to implement. All these issues are of fundamental importance for a direct field implementation of the methodology by logistics practitioners. However TOPSIS is proved to be insensitive to the number of alternatives and has its worst performance only in case of very limited number of criteria. In order to apply fuzzy TOPSIS to a MCDM problem, selection criteria have to be monotonic.

Differences Between the Federalists and Jeffersonians

During the early formative years of our nation, George Washington and John Adams both opposed any development towards splitting politics into two divisions. The two early leaders thought of it to be very unconstitutional, stating that Americans need to set aside their differences and remain unified. However, the rapidly growing interests of north and south, rich and poor, and industry and agriculture were all tossed around until two major political groups were finally formed.The Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, who preferred urban life and supported northern efforts, envisioned that the new country’s federal government should have more power, and wanted it to be a replica of the British system. In addition, Hamilton strived towards the creation of national banks that would establish fiscal policy, use debt to establish credit, and regulate a national currency. However, opposing viewers feared that a stronger federal government would do nothing but wipe out the newl y born democracy.The opposing competitors such as the Jeffersonians led by Thomas Jefferson, who preferred rural life and spoke for southern efforts, believed that it would be more necessary to provide the majority of the power with the individual states. The Jeffersonians also believed that the creation of national banks was unconstitutional, and that it wasn’t permitted by our early forefathers. As differences continued to occur, Americans only saw the gap between the two political parties widening more and more.When it came to foreign policy, Jefferson and Hamilton both encouraged America to remain neutral and to not take sides. They wanted the country to build relationships with other nations, but also to stay clear of any international conflict. However, Jefferson thought that America should be helping the French efforts against the British, while Hamilton thought that war efforts should be targeted at helping their mother country of England defeat the French.As time wen t on, the differences between both parties only grew on and on. While Jefferson seized agriculture to be the backbone of the nation, Hamilton wanted the economy to be equally balanced between agriculture, trade, finance, and manufacturing. All in all, both men were very well educated. Even though they shared completely different political views, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton both made enormous contributions in shaping the new nation, and expected nothing less than a wonderful future for the United States.