The French Revolution and Napoleons Governance

The French Revolution and Napoleons Governance The French Revolution (1789-1799) became the period of significant changes within the French society and in the political life of France. It began with the meeting of the Estates-General in May, 1789, and finished with Napoleon Bonaparte’s coming to power in November, 1799 (Duiker and Spielvogel 394).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The French Revolution and Napoleon’s Governance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Like any substantial change in the political life of any country, the French Revolution consisted of several stages of the dramatic transformation of the state system, political and social life in France. In this paper, we will discuss the period from the Thermidorian Reaction to the last years of Napoleon’s government. We will discuss the reasons and the course of change of leadership in France during this period. The Thermidorian Reaction, 27 July 1794, was the response on the violent p olicies of Reign of Terror and actually put an end to it. Being inspired by the ideas of the French Revolution, the people of France continued their struggle for their rights and for effective state system. The power in the country was taken by the Executive Directory (1795-1799). The new body of executive power that consisted of five elected Directors started functioning within the country and at the same time took intense military actions abroad. The inner policies of the Directory were not successful with people and gradually led to the loss of its authority. Particularly, the inability to implement successful taxation and financial policies, â€Å"flourishing† corruption and faction between the directors (ibid.) were step by step undermining the influence of the Directory. The French people expected the opportunity to forget about the events of the last years; however, the governance of the Directory did not meet their expectations, as the country did not approach to the desired stability. On the other hand, the military successes of France did not contribute to the authority of the Directory, but backwards, actually gave birth to Napoleon’s bright political start. In 1799, the Directory finished its existence. Failures in the inner and foreign policies gave a good opportunity for Napoleon who came to France after the military operations to overthrow the Directory and seize power. Napoleon’s success at the first stages of his governance can be explained by the effective balance between â€Å"liberation† and strengthening of his own power. He understood that the processes emerged during the first years of the Revolution could not disappear: they were more likely to be a starting point for the further changes.Advertising Looking for essay on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, it is possible to say that since the beginning of Napoleon’s era , the political life in France took its course between two poles, which are Napoleon’s personal motives of keeping and maintaining his power, and the inertial power of the French Revolution (Hunt et al 650-652). The slogan â€Å"Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity† reflects the essence of French Revolution; its focus was defense and equalization of the human rights and transformation of the social and political system in France, which included elimination of monarchy and replacing it with republic. During Napoleon’s governance, these two matters submitted to the interests of Napoleon as a governor. Instead of republic, Napoleon established an empire and defended his power by means of strong military services (652). Since that moment, the notion of â€Å"liberation† stated by the revolutionary slogan had lost its initial meaning and served to Napoleon’s plans as the justification and disguise for his intent of conquest, being realized in his French-st yle reforms throughout the lands belonging to France. In 1789, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen proclaimed â€Å"freedom of religion, freedom of press, equality of taxation, and equality before the law† (660). Napoleon slightly followed the statements born by the Revolution, adapting them to the needs of strengthening his power: for example, he reduced an initial number of newspapers in Paris, which was seventy-three, to thirteen and then to four (684). He cultivated and popularized the image representing him as a hero, a magnificent governor. When forming the new political system of France, Napoleon followed his imperial intents: he focused on eliminating both the ascendancy of the old nobility and the influence of the contemporary revolutionary trends of equality and liberation, and the most appropriate decision was to create the new nobility based on the military estate which would support his power. Besides the political field, Napoleon reformed the legislation, having introduced the Civil Code: again, on the one hand, it was aimed to provide equality; on the other hand, this concerned only the adult males, omitting the rights of women and children. The social transformations were fulfilled by Napoleon’s predecessors as well; however, they had another nature: the Revolution had penetrated into the life of the citizens too deeply, touching upon all fields of their life, including even the forms of speech and the names of the months (669).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The French Revolution and Napoleon’s Governance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Certainly, this intrusion was not a single factor which caused the resistance to the Revolution: some people were just tired of the hard conditions of life, such as â€Å"long bread lines† (670) or of the terror; however, the combination of a range of factors impacted on the total outcome of the Revolution. Thus, Napoleon came to power when the revolutionary â€Å"foam† descended and focused only on the matters which could impact his position and power, which defined the direction of his policy. During the decade of his government, Napoleon’s power was strengthening within and outside the country. By 1812, the military success of France was impressive: only Great Britain and Russia as two major European countries kept their full independence (692). In fact, the Great Britain was the main obstacle on Napoleon’s way to fulfillment of his plans: the country â€Å"ruled the seas† (691), and its economy was developing rapidly; Britain produced goods and exported them to the European markets. On the other hand, Napoleon’s power was undermined by his military failure in the war against Russia: trying to fight on two fronts simultaneously, having not enough provision and being not ready to the cold climate of the Russian territories, the French a rmy failed. In 1813, the coalition of the Russian, Austrian, Prussian and Swedish armies (with the financial support of the Great Britain) defeated Napoleon. Duiker, William J., and Speilvogel, Jackson J. The Essential World History. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2008. Hunt, Lynn, et al. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures, A Concise History. 2nd edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2006. Print.

10 Things Not to Include on Your ResumeÂÂ

10 Things Not to Include on Your Resume   Apart from the cardinal sin of clichà ©s (â€Å"I’m a hard worker† or â€Å"I’m a team player†), there are a few general no-nos to resume-writing. Make sure not to let any of the following sneak into your resume and you’ll never be laughed out of the â€Å"maybe pile.† 1. Typos and mistakesCheck your spelling, punctuation, formatting, and especially grammar.2. An overly casual toneThe time to be cool is at happy hour, once you have the job! Keep your resume 100% professional.3. Clichà ©sWe said it once. We’ll say it again. Find a new, fresh way to express that you’re a team player or a hard worker without resorting to tired, meaningless language.4. Multiple pagesStick to one. Clean and simple. Remember, hiring managers don’t have a lot of time. They’ll appreciate the effort you make to keep things short and sweet.5. Fancy formattingJust say no to background colors, borders, graphics, hearts, or happy faces. Keep it clean.6. Third personKeep things in the first person. â€Å"My responsibilities included†¦,† â€Å"I managed†¦,† etc.7. EmojisSeriously. Just don’t.8. Saying stupid things about yourselfDon’t give a hiring manager any material to joke about in the coffee room. Make sure you have someone read through your resume before sending it out, just so you make sure you don’t say anything cringeworthy.9. A juvenile email addressYou might think it’s really cute to have hotdogbro@me.com, but no one else does. Some combination of your first and last names at a reputable service provider will do just fine.10. A loony fontDon’t use comic sans just to be original. Don’t use script. Don’t use anything fun. Pick a totally boring and professional font if you want your resume to actually get read.

Disaster related risk management practices in IHG Essay

Disaster related risk management practices in IHG - Essay Example Risk management in this context can be stated as an ongoing process which sustains throughout organizational life cycle. With these considerations, the essay discusses disaster risk management practices in an organization namely InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) in Japan. Disaster usually follows natural threats and its severity depends on the level of impact on the organization. On the other hand, the level of impact is subjected to the choices made by organizations (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, â€Å"Risk Management Plan†). THESIS STATEMENT The essay is based on understanding the disaster related risk management practices in IHG which faced losses due to recent earthquake in Japan, in the year 2011. The objective of the study is to discuss the event along with its consequence on the risk management activities of IHG. Furthermore, it also describes the learning gained from the incident. BUSINESS OF THE ORGANISATION IHG is a British hospitality organization and is also considered as one of the biggest hotel brands in the world. IHG operates in excess of nine hotels under its name and its business strategies concentrate on driving the demand of the brand. IHG operates the business in three different ways namely franchising, joint venture and ownership. Franchising is the biggest part of the business of IHG, however, it also uses the bricks and mortar model of business (InterContinental Hotels Group, â€Å"Overview†). ... This natural disaster had created a drastic impact on the performance of IHG. Its ANA Holiday Inn, which is situated in Sendai, had to be closed down for new reservation. The organization also became vulnerable in terms of safety of its people and guests due to the disaster. Furthermore, the property of ANA Holiday Inn which was situated in the close proximity to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant also faced the risk of disruption. The share price of the organization also fell drastically after the incident occurred in Japan (Telegraph Media Group Limited, â€Å"Japan Earthquake: The Companies Most Affected by the Disaster†). RISK MANAGEMENT IN IHG IHG has an established international risk management procedure and outline which is entrenched in every operation and activity of the organization. The objectives of risk management of IHG are to create a vigorous, reactive and strong procedure along with a successful, respected and liable business over the long run. With respect to ri sk management, the key objective of the organization is to recognize and manage risks, in line with the strategic objectives and long-term value of the business (InterContinental Hotels Group PLC, â€Å"Corporate Risk Management†). Risk Screening The risk management process is characterized by risk screening procedure which determines the risk severity and frequency. According to risk severity and frequency, risks can be separated into minor risks which do not necessitate much management attention and significant risks which require considerable management attention. There are two types of risks an organization can face such as internal risks and external risks. Internal risks comprise management, cost and cash flow related risks. On the other hand, external risks are usually related with

Vik Muniz's Action Photo 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Vik Muniz's Action Photo 1 - Essay Example The following is a discussion that seeks to evaluate Vik Muniz’s action photo on the use of the edible medium, subject and meaning, socio-cultural context, and general reflections. Question 1 The action piece of art by Vik Muniz enforces the use of chocolate and sugar as the media of painting. As argued for initially, the word action emanates from the practice of art whereby artists spread and splash paint randomly to eventually develop artworks in accordance to their perceptions. The artist’s paintings shows the legendary artist, Jackson Pollock busy painting on a piece of material lying on the floor. The artist uses chocolate syrup, and uses the paint to implement a stylistic painting approach whereby the audience will conceive an attitude of edibility. Therefore, the form taken by Vik Muniz emulates an emotional perception that the painting is as important as most of the delicacies known to the society, for example, chocolate (Respini 45). The work is presentable des pite the use of chocolate and sugar as the media. It contains allure and luster at the edges where the artists initiated change of chocolate medium to sugar. The main linings seem to establish a glittering reddish outline and possibilities are that the painting’s advantage emanates from the use of little chocolate to more sugar syrup over the wire lining. As the work portrays Pollock busy in the action art, the artist lures all viewers into conception that art is extremely important in our lives just as food and water. Through keen observations, an audience can easily tell of the advantages of varying the glossy chocolate in production of an attractive photo. The photo measures at 60cm by 48cm.The photo displays Pollock as a busy artist and the glossy texture of the observed from the photo might illuminate his passion (Durant 55). Arguably, Muniz photo establishes a series of events whereby the photo looks like a painting, and the use of an edible medium to represent a genera l paint. Question 2 The theme of the art piece of action photo by Muniz is intense and relative to setting an understanding on the importance of artists in the artist. Arguably, Muniz seeks to implement the allure of the abstract expressionism, which Americans declined to perceive its importance and sense for a long period. Muniz extensive use of edible media in the artwork remains significant and misinterpretations since an artistic meaning underlies therein (Van 67). Mainly, Muniz drew the original painting and photographed it before it lost its glossy appeal. The photo denotes action as Muniz develops it stylishly to show the struggle that Pollock endured in order to develop his personal expressionism paintings. Arguably, Vik’s action photo seeks to enlighten the audience on the struggle that Pollock survived in order to develophis art through the spontaneous and random splash of paint (Respini 48). Therefore, Muniz used chocolate and sugar as the media of painting to show Pollock in the field of art. With the use of such media, it is evident that Muniz wanted to emphasize on the importance action art that was always Pollock’s art approach in reaching the society embarking to expressionism. However, Muniz is more precise and uniquely presents the painting such that Pollock’s artwork gains the desired appraisal in the society (Van 68). It is through Muniz’

The Evil Rooted In Women :: essays research papers fc

Chaucer, in his female pilgrimage thought of women as having an evil-like quality, that they always tempt and take from men. They were depicted of untrustworthy, selfish and vain. Through the faults of both men and women, Chaucer showed what is right and wrong and how one should live. Under the surface, however, lies a jaded look of women and how they cause for the downfall of men. (chuckiii, 4) Chaucer obviously had very opinionated views of the manners and behaviors of women and expressed it strongly in The Canterbury Tales. In his collection of tales, he portrayed two extremes in his prospect of women. The Wife of Bath represented the extravagant and lusty woman where as the Prioress represented the admirable and devoted followers of church. (Chaucer, 8) Chaucer delineated the two characters contrastingly in their appearances, general manners, education and most evidently in their behavior toward men. Yet, in the midst of disparities, both tales left its readers with an unsolved enigma. The Wife of Bath represents the "liberal" extreme in regards to female stereotypes of the Middle Ages.(chuckiii, 4) Unlike most women being anonymous during the Middle Ages, she has a mind of her own and voices herself. Furthermore, she thinks extremely highly of herself and enjoys showing off her Sunday clothes whenever the opportunity arises. She intimidates men and women alike due to the power she possesses. Because of her obnoxious attitude Chaucer makes her toothless, fat and large. Doubtlessly, she is very ugly, almost to the point of "not-presentable." The Prioress, on the other hand, serves as a foil to the Wife of Bath. Chaucer describes her as "tenderhearted" who can not bear the sight of pain or physical suffering. She will cry at the thought of a dog dying. It could represent that she has a frail soul with low tolerance for pain and suffering.(fordham, 16) The latter description carries over into the modern stereotypes about women as skittish and afraid members of society who need to be cared for. (Fordham, 16) Chaucer paints a very delicate and elegant picture of the Prioress. Her manners of eating are far from the brutish festivals of the time. Chaucer describes her table manners as very graceful, not a drop of anything would fall from her mouth, and she was very polite when taking thing at the table. (lines 131-4). Chaucer's last description of Prioress - the letter "A" around her neck that stood for "Amor vincit omnia" meaning "Love conquers all.

Police Misconduct and Corruption Essay

Police and Society January 31, 2013 Police Misconduct and Corruption In the early 1990’s police brutality had become common; police officers abused their powers and became brutal when dealing with offenders and even non-offenders. One infamous example of such brutality occurred in 1992 in Los Angeles when a black man named Rodney King was violently beat by five officers for being â€Å"black. The five officers repeatedly struck King as a few other officers stood by not paying any attention to the situation near by. Two of the five officers were later acquitted which angered the black and Latino community around the world as did the videotape of the incident. This incident did however put more attention and awareness on the issue of police brutality. A few weeks after the King incident, a drug scandal in New York erupted into another police brutality incident. This prompted an investigation on police corruption by the Mollen Commission. The investigation found many occurrences of police abuses, including brutality, corruption, and perjury. A century before the Mollen Commission, in 1894 the Lexow Commission in New York discovered the same occurrences of police brutality. This shows that police corruption has been going on for many years and is continuing to happen now. Although the public less accepts police brutality now, it is believed that most police corruption is done â€Å"underground† or through legal loopholes. I have chosen to research Police Brutality because I find it outrageous that the people who swore to protect us cheat the law and use excessive force without reason. I am majoring in Sociology and Criminal Justice, so I am curious to learn about why officers feel the need to become brutal. Is it a lust of power? I’m interested in learning about the sociology of police brutality.

In Love and War - 2060 Words

In Love and War Abstract: Women of Afghanistan are forced to live under oppressive regulations set forth for them by the men of their societies. Women have virtually no rights to do anything for themselves. There entire lives are controlled by and lived for someone else. Through their songs, they lament the conditions of their lives and are able to convey a beauty in their verses that all people can identity with. (67 words) Key Words: Pashtun, women, honor, oppression, songs Love and war, two concepts that are so contradictory it is hard to believe they could ever coexist simultaneously in one society. War is a state of conflict, hostility and chaos which reeks havoc on civilizations as opposing forces struggle to defend†¦show more content†¦Though each of these songs is unique, they all continuously exalt three familiar themes that taste of blood (XVI). These themes are love, honor and death. Love is forbidden for the Pashtun woman. As previously mentioned she is subject to an arranged marriage which never takes into account her feelings of love, but rather the most economically sound decision for her fathers family. Being forced into this unwanted union she must submit herself to a man she does not care for and often suppress her true emotions for another whom she cannot openly love. When speaking of the husband, a Pashtun woman never speaks in terms of endearment, but rather mocks as she incessantly refers to him a s the little horror. Love is strictly prohibited by the Pashtun honor code and is punishable by death (2). From this oppression rises the song of lovers. Women can only love in secret, at night when the rest of the village is asleep. She is able to see her lover only for a few short hours in the darkness until she must return to her life of submission by day. Last night I was close to my lover, oh evening of love not to return again! Like a bell, with all my jewels and deep into the night I was chiming in his arms.(5) In these songs she is not afraid to raise subjects that are forbidden as she sings with brutal honesty. She speaks of her body freely and exalts her capacity to love. She isShow MoreRelatedLove And War And Love1513 Words   |  7 Pageson war and love. They also have their own opinions on a way to go about these things. These two subjects seem to be completely opposite of each other, but they still manage to tie in together. They might not be the same thing but in certain scenarios they can be viewed as the same thing. For example, in some situations love can be considered the same as war. However, love and war can contradict themselves at the same time to. Sometimes, love can bring war, but war can also lead people to love. ItRead MoreEssay on In Love and War2036 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"In Love and War† Abstract: Women of Afghanistan are forced to live under oppressive regulations set forth for them by the men of their societies. Women have virtually no rights to do anything for themselves. There entire lives are controlled by and lived for someone else. Through their songs, they lament the conditions of their lives and are able to convey a beauty in their verses that all people can identity with. 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